How could Cmake directives (or equivalent) be implemented when compiling in Visual Studio?

How could Cmake directives (or equivalent) be implemented when compiling
in Visual Studio?

The situation is the following: I have the source code of one programm
(lets call it programA) (written in C and C++), as well as the
CMakeLists.txt and CTestConfig.cmake files. I already installed programA
using CMake's graphical user interface and, as it is obvious, it worked.
It created the .exe file (I'm working on Windows 7 OS).
The problem is that, right now, I've been asked to edit the program (and
so, I must be able to edit the code and degugging it as changes are made).
I also need to compile it but not in .exe anymore but in .dll so I can add
it to a website we have.
I've read in forums that CMake can compile programA into a .dll if I need
to, but as I would need to make some changes I consider that CMake
debugging is not as useful and easy as using entirely VS. From the little
I know from CMake language, the CMakeLists.txt is mainly used to check the
OS of the user as well as adding some libraries in case they are not
found.
I have to admit I have no idea in programming CMake directives, as I have
been working with ASP.NET, C, C++ and C# mostly. Then, my idea is to try
to work only in visual studio 2010 instead of using cmake as well, so once
I have the program 'adapted' to VS and can be compiled just using VS, I'm
ready to start my job. So the question I have is how can I perform the
same task CMake did just using Visual Studio (Is there any way of
implementing CMake directives in VS?), can VS compile by receiving as an
argument something similar to that CMake.txt file (though it needs to be
translated into another language)?
To skip the use of CMake I tried to copy the source code into a new
project in VS. However as it does not use the CMake directives when
compiling, it gives several errors, most of them related to the fact that
some headers.h can't be found (cause they might be in a subfolder). And
there are so many subfolders to add the paths to the predefined
directories of search that it would take ages.
I'm sorry I can't be more precise in my explanation. I'm good at
programming little projects on my own, but it's the first time I have to
work on other's programm. Please don't hesitate to ask if anything was not
properly understood
I would appreciate a lot any suggestion / advice /guidance you can give.